13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., CanadaAugust 1-6, 2004

DISCRETE MODELING OF SLIDING SHEAR FAILURE IN CONTACTS
BETWEEN RC MEMBERS WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESS
Viktor HRISTOVSKI1 and Hiroshi NOGUCHI2
SUMMARY
Shear-walls are one of the most effective structural components for providing lateral load
resistance in buildings, dissipating large amounts of cyclic energy through the desirable ductile
failure modes. For that purpose, the design in practice should ensure that the diagonal tension
and diagonal compression failure modes are suppressed in order that energy dissipation take
place by means of flexural yielding at the contact between the wall and the foundation beam.
However, in that case the contact zone must be properly detailed, because of the phenomenon of
shear sliding which prevents the ductile behavior after yielding of the main reinforcement. As
observed experimentally by many researchers, in this case the applied shear is resisted mainly by
friction and aggregate interlock between the cracked surfaces along the contact zone. For large
deformations, dowel action of the longitudinal reinforcement also takes place. For the sake of
behavioral simulation of these contact zones, a 3D integral FEM based constitutive model has
been proposed, taking into account the slippage on the contact between the portions with
different thickness, as well as the uplift and sinking of the members relatively to the basement
using a discrete-crack approach with 3D contact elements. The model includes constitutive
relations for aggregate interlock, dowel action of the reinforcement crossing the crack surface,
and bond between the concrete and reinforcement. As a result, original software for 3D nonlinear
analysis of reinforced concrete structures, based on tangent stiffness approach has been
developed. The proposed discrete model has been verified using basic experiments performed in
Japan. Also, characteristic specimens of shear-walls have been used for comparison of the
analytically obtained results, showing a good agreement with the experimental ones.

USING SHAKING TABLE TO STUDY DIFFERENT METHODS OF
REDUCEING EFFECTS OF BUILDINGS POUNDING DURING
EARTHQUAKE
Arash REZAVANI1 and A.S. MOGHADAM2
SUMMARY
Pounding of adjacent buildings has been one of major reasons of damages of building in earthquakes.
Therefore there is a need to investigate this phenomenon, both experimentally and analytically. This paper
begins with a general study on the effect of pounding. Then two series of shaking table experiments on
small scale moment resisting frames subjected to harmonic excitation and seismic loading are described.
For new buildings, there are provisions in the seismic design building codes regarding the distance
between adjacent buildings to accommodate the potential of pounding. However, for existing building the
solution is not as easy. Therefore, final part of the paper explains a series of experiments regarding some
measures to reduce the damaging effects of pounding. The measures include increasing distance of the
buildings, application of impact absorbing material, and connecting the two building together. The results
of experiments indicate the effectiveness, also problems associated with each method.

LIMIT ANALYSIS OF RC INTERIOR BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS USING
SINKING MECHANISM OF CONNECTING BEAMS
Shuichi UEHARA1, Fumiya ESAKI2 and Tomomi NISHIDA3
SUMMARY
A new model to estimate the strength of reinforced concrete ( referred to as RC hereafter ) interior beamcolumn
joints is proposed using sinking mechanism of connecting beams. The strength of joints is estimated
by the forces at the beam end sections connecting with the joints, where stress of compressive strut at beam
ends is assumed to be equal to the stress of strut in joint, neglecting the effect of bond . The efficiency of
the model was examined by analyzing 84 specimens in the literature. The results show that the proposed
method overestimate by about 10% the strength of joints, however the standard deviations are very small. It
is also shown that the estimation of J type failure specimens with single-layered reinforcement is good but not
so good of ones with double-layered reinforcement. The error may come from the estimation of bond strength.
The study in the paper as a whole shows the efficiency of the proposed method.

INFLUENCE OF BUILDINGS STOCK KNOWLEDGE ON SEISMIC
CAPACITY OF R.C. STRUCTURES
Edoardo COSENZA1, Gaetano MANFREDI , Maria POLESE , Gerardo M. VERDERAME
SUMMARY
This paper presents a procedure for seismic vulnerability assessment of classes of r.c. buildings at a large
scale. The method is mechanistic based, i.e. determines building capacity starting from simple analytical
models. Building stock of a given area is reproduced starting from knowledge of main parameters as
collected in an inventory phase. Once the building stock is generated, lateral strength and drift supplies
are determined based on prefixed collapse mechanisms. The influence of model parameters on response is
evaluated considering the response surface for the capacity. Adopting parameter distributions derived
from building inventory, vulnerability curves are derived for building class.

EARTHQUAKE DISASTER PREVENTION INFORMATION SYSTEM
BASED ON RISK ADAPTIVE REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION SYSTEM CONCEPT
Hiroyuki YAMADA1, Takashi FURUTO1, Toshihiro URAYAMA1, Iwao SUETOMI1,
and Shigeru KAKUMOTO1
SUMMARY
The disaster prevention information system which functions surely enables damage reduction of the
earthquake disaster. In this study, decentralized independence type disaster prevention information system
was proposed. Based on the concept of RARMIS (Risk Adaptive Regional Management Information
System), this system consists of “municipality information system” for disaster information processing as
a seamless extension of the daily work at local government and “the disaster prevention information center
system” for the disaster responses exclusive processing. Disaster prevention information center pilot
system which realized a series of function based on this concept was developed.

Prediction of Compressive Behavior of CFCT Stub Columns on the Basis of
Integrated Data Analysis
Hyun-sik KANG1, Seo-hyung LIM2, Tae-sup MOON3, S. F. STIEMER4
SUMMARY
Using concrete fillings in structural steel tubes can vastly improve the compressive load-carrying
capacities. This paper reports the investigations on the compressive behavior of concrete filled circular
tubular (CFCT) stub columns under static loading. A correlation study deals with both test and analysis
results. The effects of concrete to steel resistance ratios on the ultimate strength, as well as the
deformation capacity and the axial stiffness are being discussed. An empirical formula for predicting the
strength of confined concrete is proposed based on the data analysis. The comparison between the
analytical predictions and test results show good correlation which suggests that the developed formula is
useful for the practical designer.

SEISMIC CAPACITY ASSESSMENT FOR STREET-FRONT
REINFORCED-BRICK BUILDINGS IN TAIWAN
Pai-Mei LIU1, Yi-Hsuan TU 2, Tzung-Wu Lai3, Maw-Shyong SHEU4
SUMMARY
In this paper, the structural system of existing reinforced brick street buildings in Taiwan was investigated
and classified into 72 types. The seismic assessment method proposed by Sheu et al[1] was employed to
check the collapse PGA for each type of existing street buildings. But 49 types of them could not satisfy
0.33g that is required by Taiwan Building Code. The actual strengthening countermeasures adopted by the
owners at disaster area of the Chi-Chi Earthquake were also investigated. However, they did not show
much help. An economical and feasible strengthening scheme is proposed in this paper for the existing
street buildings if their collapse peak ground accelerations are less than 0.30g.
Key Words: existing street building. Reinforced brick building, seismic resistance, shear building,
collapse PGA, strengthening